Engine cylinder liner



Jan. 5', 1937. F.'w. SEVERIN El AL 8 ENGINE CYLINDER LINER Filed June17, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l l3 7 7 24 E E 10 $2 W2 9 3 22 26 27 y ,W/ 32.X

Z I 4 I7 INVENTOR, Frank MEsuerin BY TheudoreH enn Jan. 5, 1937. F. w.SEVERIN ET AL 2,066,530

ENGINE CYLINDER LINER Filed June 1?, i955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORFrank M Sauerin BY Theudure .H UETm fmw I ATTORNEY. I

Patented Jan. 5, 1937 ENGINE CYLINDER LINER Frank W. Severin, Evanston,and Theodore H. Venn, Wilmette, Ill., assignors to Venn-Severin Machine00., Chicago, 111., a. corporation of Illinois Application June 17,1935, Serial No. 26,906

2 Claims.

This invention relates to improvement in internal combustion engines ingeneral and, more particularly, to the improvement in the cylinder linerconstruction particularly adapted for two cycle engines, especially ofthe Diesel type.

The inside walls of internal combustion engines are subject to intenseheat of combustion in the cylinder. This heat causes an expansion far inexcess of the expansion of the outer walls, and introduces seriousproblems, particularly where air passages and exhaust passages throughthe cylinder are demanded, necessitating the making of an irregularsection. This causes warping and distortion of the cylinder bore.

To overcome this difficulty, cylinder liners have been installed invarious ways to allow for free linear and radial expansion of the liner.This is common in the four cycle engines, where no porting is necessaryin the cylinder walls. In two cycle engines, however, where ports areprovided in the cylinder wall, and are essential to the functioning ofthe engine, certain problems arise due to the unequal expansion of thecylinder and the outer walls. It is an object of the present inventionto provide a new and improved cylinder liner construction for two cycleengines,

where the ports extend through the cylinder" wall, which will allowgasketing those ports and packing the liner for water circulation.

Heretofore, cylinder liners have been clamped between the cylinder headand the cylinder block by the bolts which held the cylinder head inplace. This has necessitated a great tightening pressure on the bolts inorder to maintain the gasket between the head and'the liner undersufficient compression to offset the loosening effect of the highinternal pressure developed by the burning gas. This repeatedcompression and expansion of the gasket materially lessens its life. Theprior construction also tended toward the production of stresses tendingtowards distortion of the cylinder liner if the bolts were unequallytightened. It is, therefore, a further object of the present inventionto provide an improved mounting for a cylinder liner which will overcomethis objection.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a twocycle engine cylinder liner which will include, as an integral partthereof, a water jacket for the part that is subjected to the intensestheat.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide animproved liner construction wherein the liner is mounted in a wayindependently of the means used for securing the cylinder block inplace.

Another object of the present invention resides in the provision of animproved gasket construction for each of the junctures between thecylinder block and the liner.

In the practice of the present invention, the liner is double walledfrom its top to the air intake and exhaust ports, to provide acirculating water jacket, and is single walled therebelow adjacent thewater sump. The liner is suspended from the head, and means is providedto facilitate positioning of an intermediate gasket to augmentleakage-prevention while permitting the free longitudinal and radialexpansion of the cylinder liner with respect to the cylinder block.Separate bolts extend through the cylinder head and cylinder block orhousing and into the lower frame of the engine to hold the parts inassembly. The liner is radially supported at its outer wall by thecylinder block through gaskets which surround the air passageways forthe intake air and the exhaust gases, and by other gaskets which providea seal for preventing the leakage of water from the sump, whilepermitting the free expansion of the liner.

The attainment of the above and further objects of the present inventionwill be apparent from the following specification taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a cylinder structureof a two cycle Diesel engine, embodying the principles of the presentinvention; and

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 22 of Figure 1.

Referring now to the drawings, an engine frame or base I carries acylinder block or housing 2, which is surmounted by a cylinder head 3.Bolts 4 extending through the head and housing and into the frame serveto assemble these parts and also to withstand the stresses resultingfrom the pressure developed in the cylinder. The head is provided with afuel inlet 5 and an opening 6 to receive an electric coil heater forstarting purposes, in a manner well known in the art. The head is doublewalled to provide a space 7 for the reception of circuiting coolingwater.

A cylinder liner forming one essential feature of this invention isindicated at 8. Its upper end 9 is preferably rabbeted at Ill with thecylinder head 3, and the juncture is sealed by copper or other suitablegaskets H and I! in stepped relation. Supporting bolts l3, extendingdown through the head 3, are threaded into the upper end 9 of the liner8, and are tightened merely to an extent necessary to seal said junctureagainst leakage. These bolts serve to suspend the liner from the head.The bolts [3 and the liner are not subjected to any impulses frompressures developed in the cylinder. The gaskets II and I2 are therebysubjected to smaller extremes of pressure than would be true if theywere held by stress-withstanding means such as the bolts l,

flange 30.

and are therefore more dependable and durable.

The liner 8 is sealed with the lower part l6 of the cylinder block by ayieldable gasket [1, of rubber or other suitable material, whichprevents water leakage while allowing for linear expansion of the liner.

The cylinder liner has an outer water jacket wall l8 which extends fromthe top of the liner for substantially half of the length thereof. Thereis thus formed a water chamber or compartment which communicates withthe head water chamber 1 by means of nipples 22 snugly fitted inregistering sets of openings 23 and 24 in the respective parts.

The liner is provided with air intake, and exhaust ports 26 and 21,respectively, approximately midway of its length. The intake ports 26communicate with and form a continuation of an air intake passageway 28for supplying air at the usual pressures, to the cylinder. At the ports26 the cylinder block 2 is provided with a cylindrical A gasket 3|, ofcopper, asbestos, or other suitable material is snugly fitted betweenthis fiance and the outer liner wall 18 about the ports 26.

The exhaust ports 2"! likewise are continuations of an exhaust passage32 formed in the housing 2. Between the flange and the outer wall I8 ofthe liner a gasket 34 of copper, asbestos, or other suitable material issnugly fitted.

The outer wall I8 of the liner terminates below the ports 26 and 21 in afree horizontal edge 35. The lower part of the housing 2 has aneccentric inner wall 36 which forms a water sump chamber 40 inconjunction with the single liner wall portion 38. The upper portion ofthe housing wall 36 afiords a ledge 39 below the edge 35. A rubber orlike gasket is fitted between the edge and ledge 39 to seal the waterchamber from the air space 29 and additionally seal the water chamberfrom the intake and exhaust passages, while at the same time allowingexpansion of the liner.

Water is circulated in the cylinder head and through the water jacket 20by any suitable pump and associated means (not shown), thus effectivelycooling the hot upper part of the engine. The pump has its intake sideconnected to receive water from the sump 40, and its output side isconnected to deliver water to the water chamber I in the manner usual inthe art. The water circulates around the cylinder head and thencethrough the passages 24 to the water jacket 20, thus cooling thecylinder head and the cylinder liner, and then flows back into the sump49. The lower part of, the cylinder liner is cooled by contact with thewater in the sump 4B.

The partitions between the adjacent intake passageways and betweenadjacent exhaust passageways are preferably hollow, as indicated at 44to provide adequate water cooling of the cylinder liner even around theports.

From the above description it is apparent that I have provided acylinder liner of the type adapted for a two cycle engine, particularlya Diesel engine, which liner is so mounted and gasketed as to preventleakage around the ports while at the same time permitting free linearand radial expansion of the liner within the cylinder block. Also, theliner is suspended from the cylinder head, rather than clamped in placeby the cylinder head. By this arrangement canting of the cylinder lineris effectively prevented. Furthermore, it may be seen that the upperpart of the cylinder liner, which is subjected to the intense heat ofcombustion of the gases in the cylinder,

.has a water jacket formed as an integral part thereof. This simplifiesthe problem of providing adequate gasketing around the ports.

In compliance with the requirements of the patent statutes, we have hereshown and described a preferred embodiment of our invention. It is,however, to be understood that the invention is not limited to thisprecise construction, the same being merely illustrative of theprinciples of the invention. What we consider new, and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. A two cycle internal combustion engine of the type wherein air isadmitted into the cylinder under pressure, said engine including acylinder block and a cylinder head, means for securing the head andblock together, and a cylinder liner in the block, means for securingthe liner to the cylinder head, said cylinder block having anintermediate wall surrounding the lower end of the liner and spacedtherefrom to form a water chamber, and forming an air supply passagewaybetween itself and the outer wall of the block, said cylinder linerbeing double walled at its upper end to form a water jacket, and havinga projecting portion extending over and forming a closure for the top ofsaid water chamber, said projecting portion resting on said intermediateWall of the cylinder block, with gasket means interposed between saidprojecting portion and said wall to form a liquid-tight seal whilepermitting relative expansion of the liner with respect to the block,ports formed in the wall of the liner and communicating with said airpassageway, and yielding gaskets surrounding the ports between the linerand the cylinder block and forming a liquid tight seal around the portswhile permitting relative expansion of the liner with respect to thecylinder block.

2. A two cycle internal combustion engine of the type wherein air isadmitted into the cylinder under pressure, said engine including acylinder block, and a cylinder head secured together, and a cylinderliner in the block, said cylinder liner being suspended from thecylinder head and free to expand longitudinally and diametrically withinthe cylinder block, said cylinder block having an intermediate wallsurrounding the lower end of the liner and spaced therefrom to form awater chamber, and forming an air supply passageway between itself andthe outer wall of the block, said cylinder liner being double walled atits upper end to form a water jacket, and having a projecting portionextending over and forming a closure for the top of said water chamber,said projecting portion resting on said intermediate wall of thecylinder block, with gasket means interposed between said projectingportion and said wall to form a liquid-tight seal while permittingrelative expansion of the liner, ports formed in the wall of the linerand communicating with said air passageway, and yielding gasketssurrounding the ports between the liner and the cylinder block andforming a liquid-tight seal around the ports while permitting relativeexpansion of the liner with respect to the cylinder block.

FRANK W. SEVERIN. THEODORE H. VENN.

